plants of Guizhou, karst desertification, and reforestation


books about Guizhou plants -《黔东南常见森林植物图谱》 Common Forest Plants from Southeast Guizhou Province, 2013 ;贵州植被 Vegetation of Guizhou, 1988;石阡县森林植物种质资源 forest plants of Shiqian County, Guizhou

 Also see:  Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests – Encyclopedia of Earth, www.eoearth.org/view/article/152980
Vegetation in karst areas
The regional vegetation types in Guizhou karst plateau belong to subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest. Fagaceae, Theaceae and Lauraceae are the predominant vegetation. Besides, mountainous warm coniferous forest characterized by fir, Pinus massoniane, Pinus yunnanensis,conifer- broadleaf mixed forest predominated by pine, fir, polar and birch, deciduous broadleaf forest characterized by Liquidambar formosana, pollar, Batula lumilifera and the artificial and secondary bamboo forest are also widespread…However, except for Maolan Karst Forest Preserve in southeast Guizhou, the karst forests in Guizhou are mainly secondary forests, and the flora (fascicular) are simple.


Guizhou’s Ferns and Mosses 《贵州蕨类植物志》《贵州苔藓植物图志》


online photos of China’s plants  普蘭塔 www.planta.cn from http://www.planta.cn/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30207&sid=1b2ad8d69d0727896c374e558799f194
Also,  Nature Education Literature  家长环境教育图书推荐目录 [supplied by Katie Scott of NatureWize, a Guiyang nature education organization, www.en.naturewize.org,   katiescott@naturewize.org ]

《森林里最后一个孩子: 拯救自然缺失症儿童》
作者:(美)理查德•洛夫,王西敏 (合著者), 郝冰 (合著者), 自然之友 (译者)
出版社:湖南科学技术出版社; 第1版
出版年: 2010-4
Last Child in the Woods, Saving Our Children From Nature-Deficit Disorder
—Richard Louv

《与孩子共享自然》
作者: (美)约瑟夫・克奈尔
译者: 叶凡
出版社: 天津教育出版社
出版年: 2000-6
Sharing Nature with Children:
——Joseph Bharat Cornell

《中国鸟类野外手册》
作者: [英]约翰•马敬能 / 卡伦•菲利普斯
出版社: 湖南教育出版社
译者: 卢和芬/ 何芬奇/解焱
出版年: 2000年6月第一版
A Field Guide to the Birds of China
—-John Ramsay MacKinnon

《树:全世界500多种树木的彩色图鉴》
作者: (英)库姆斯
出版社: 中国友谊出版公司
译者: 猫头鹰出版社
出版年: 2005
Tree identification through colorful pictures of more than 500 species in the world
—Kums

《中国昆虫记Ⅱ》
作者: 李元胜
出版社: 上海社会科学院出版
出版年: 2004-5
The insects in China, II
—Yuansheng Li

《常见植物野外识别手册》
作者: 刘全儒/ 王辰
出版社: 重庆大学
出版年: 2007-3
The handbook of common plants identification
—Quanru Liu/Chen Wang

《常见昆虫野外识别手册》
作者: 张巍巍
出版社: 重庆大学
出版年: 2007-3.

list from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_China, uploaded at http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/10701866374/in/photostream

Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve is a treasure-house of plants and wildlife. The reserve is rich in plant resources and 80% of the conservation area is covered with virgin forest and other plants. There are about 795 families of plants and 1,955 species, including 14 families and 19 species of gymnosperms, 460 families and 1,155 species of spermatophytes and 123 families of fungi. Some plants are rare, such as the dove flowers which grow only in this region. Due to the influence of the sub-tropical alpine monsoon climate, the distribution of vegetation is vertically zonal. The plants vary from the evergreen broadleaf forest to deciduous trees.

The favorable climate and lush vegetation make the reserve an ideal habitat for wild fauna. The number of wild animal species identified and documented has reached over 800. The diversified fauna include 68 species of mammals, 191 species of birds, 41 species of reptiles and 34 species of amphibians, respectively accounting for 13.6%, 6.2%, 10.9% and 12.2% of the national total animal population. Among these species, some are rare and endangered. The Guizhou golden monkeys can be seen only in this region and are on the edge of extinction, hence a national treasure and protected species. Other species like clouded leopard, South China Tiger, pangolin and antelope are also important national protected animals.  (from http://www.chinesetimeschool.com/en-us/articles/fanjingshan-national-nature-reserve )

Karst rocky desertification around Guizhou Province

Expanding karst rocky desertification is shrinking living space and becomes the root of disaster and poverty in southwest China; it is especially true for Guizhou Province, which lies in the center of karst areas in the southwest. Karst rocky desertification, drought and water deficiency are the main environmental problems in karst areas in southwestern China.  (from http://www.karstdata.cn/messinfo.aspx?id=246 )
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In karst areas of Guizhou, the soils are discontinued, shallow and thin. The land surface and soils have poor capacity of storing water and usually are dry because of the quick and serious leakage of rain water. And the landforms are deep cut and steep. As a result, development of the regional forest is influenced, and a special karst forest vegetation is formed….Main causes of rock desertification:
Firstly, the pure limestone,well-developed joints and strong karstification result in little and thin soil and bare rocks:The Triassic limestone is very pure, with less than 1% unsoluble matters by acid, so the rock can not form abundant soils. Meanwhile, well-developed karst fissures and sinkholes are easy for serious loss and leakage of water and soil. These are the natural conditions of the rock desertification.
Secondly,a big population density of 135/km2 and lack of cultivated land result in the local farmers to cultivate mountain slopes and rock fissures in large area: The group has only 146 mu cultivated land, but 40% of them are in the rock fissures. Even a small patch of soil between rock or the rock fissure where can only plant one corn or potato is also fully used . The situation for long periods is inevitably leading to deterioration of ecology and rock desertification .
Thirdly, the vegetation grows slowly and has low ecological efficiency under cold plateau climate and fragile karst environments: Though the farmers have coals for fuels and do not cut the trees for firewood, as well as plant some trees on the hills, the trees grows slowly, and the forestation effects are bad under bare karst environments and cold climate in high elevation area. The annual mean temperature is 12℃.And there are 125 days in frost periods each year.
The development of agriculture and improvement of ecological environments in Mishuga have been paid attention by local governments. An important way will possibly be that, to change the way of the agriculture production, and transfer a lot of land which are used for provision crops now into a base to develop liana herbs, valuable grasses and good fruits in the future. ( from  http://www.karst.edu.cn/guidebook/guizhou.htm )


Reforestation Project in Guiyang, Guizhou – Increase in the amount of vegetation cover in the degraded mountains of Guiyang. Helped in the promotion of biological diversity of the area.  See: http://www.oisca-international.org/programs/environmental-conservation-program/china/oisca-reforestation-project-in-guiyang-guizhou/

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Reforesting rural lands in western China pays big dividends, Stanford researchers say

Planting trees instead of crops on sloping land helps prevent erosion from heavy rains, Stanford researchers find. And China’s attempt to find new jobs for displaced farmers is having some success.   (Stanford Report, May 11, 2011}

…”We can think of these life-support services as flowing from natural capital, like forests and wetlands, which provide very tangible, financially valuable services,” said Daily. “Forests soak up tremendous amounts of water, filter it and release it gradually into rivers and streams that we use for drinking water, hydroelectric power and growing crops.” In many ways, the environment can help mitigate damage from floods and even human disasters, like oil spills, she added.

China’s land conversion program has its roots in the late 1960s, when farmers in the mountainous western provinces began clearing vast stretches of land to make way for more crops. The increased agricultural production helped feed a growing nation but also set the scene for disaster. When record monsoon rains pelted the region in 1998, soil from the agricultural fields washed down the mountain slopes, killing thousands of people in the villages below.

The unprecedented damage caused by the floods prompted China to reconsider the wisdom of replacing forests with farms – especially in steeply sloping terrain. In 2000, the government launched a campaign to reforest the countryside and established several large-scale programs to help farmers in the western provinces find new work in surrounding cities…   (from http://news.stanford.edu/news/2011/may/reforesting-rural-china-051111.html )

from (from en.gygov.gov.cn/art/2010/10/15/art_15204_258101.html and en.gygov.gov.cn/art/2009/10/15/art_15204_258103.html)

Senior citizens in Guiyang’s Qianling Park singing/dancing to “Red songs” popular when they were young.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Qianling Park,Guiyang,dancing & singing old songs, 大家乐乐团 (歌舞合唱团), Nov 2013 -l, uploaded at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/10640109063/ 

Senior citizens singing/dancing to “Red songs” popular when they were young. Every Saturday & Sunday 9:00-11:00 am at Guiyang’s Qianling Park, just to the left and up a few stairs near the park entrance. Info (in Chinese): 151 8514 8156, Mr Liu Dezhen 刘德珍

The Guizhou Library has a very nice collection of English books on the 4th floor Foreign Language 外文 section. Open every day.  This Saturday English corner there has been organized by 85 year old “Camel” for many years (his first English corner was at the Qianling Park).   Library cards that allow borrowing of books for one month are available with a 200 yuan deposit.

children’s collection at Guizhou Library, 1st fl, Beijing Rd, with Jack Porter (Guizhou Normal U. English teacher) , Oct 2013, posted at http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/10137882495/in/photostream/

Occasional story reading at the children’s section of the Guizhou Library (Beijing Road, next to the Guizhou Museum) by volunteer teachers on Saturday afternoons.

 

Guizhou Botanical Garden 贵州省植物园, Guiyang

Guizhou Botanical Garden 贵州省植物园, Guiyang.   See more photos at: dcbbs.zol.com.cn/133/232_1325094.html  , and the Baidu posting at:  baike.baidu.com/view/3475046.htm . Originally posted at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/9961559945/

Visit to the Guiyang Mosque 贵阳的清真寺

This beautiful Islamic Mosque is in central Guiyang about a block and a half from  Penshuichi  (address: No. 35 Xiazhuangyuan Jie 夏状元街35号, in an alley near the intersection of Yan’an Road 延安路 and Hequn Road 合群路, around the corner to the north of Pizza Fun). A couple of halal restaurants are also in this alley.

The green domed structure with Islamic crescent moon and star on its top is a large new building in front of the original mosque built some 300 years ago.  Guiyang has about 10,000 Muslims.  Services on Friday afternoon are open to the general public.

Image above taken from a Flickr site “treasuresthouhast” by David and Jessie, see: http://www.flickr.com/photos/74568056@N00/3184326066/sizes/l/in/photostream/ .   This site has many other photos of Guizhou, see:  http://www.flickr.com/photos/74568056@N00/sets/72157612654417219/with/3184326066/    The Gallery below are additional photos taken by Ray in Sep 2013:

front of Guiyang mosque, originally posted at http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/muslim-china/guiyang-mosque.htm

photo of Guiyang’s mosque, apparently taken before renovations, originally posted at: http://www.ccoo.com.cn/lishi/610x.html

uploaded at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/9962085815/

visit by foreign teachers to Hall of Confucius Study 孔学堂, Guiyang

September 2013 visit to Guiyang’s Hall of Confucius Study, in Huaxi district, by several of Guiyang’s foreign English teachers (from Boston, London, Kentucky, Michigan, the Ukraine, and Mexico), uploaded at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/9836591845/

Gay Bars in Guiyang – Malt 麦芽酒吧 ,DD 酒吧

Gay Bars in Guiyang – Malt 麦芽酒吧 ,DD 酒吧 , uploaded at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/98531730@N02/9662753621/

Malt 麦芽酒吧 Pengshuichi area: on east side of Zhonghua Road a bit north of the post office and Createa, 2nd fl, smallish sit-down lounge bar, no dancing.
贵阳麦芽酒吧:位于贵阳市喷水池邮局向上20米,宜北町旁2楼,tel:0851-6853399

DD 酒吧 – Dancing, drag queen waiter, loud. The Chinese manager Brian used to work at English First.  Directions: from Malt walk north on Zhonghua Rd, turn right at the first intersection, Qianling East Rd, then turn right again before the bridge into an alley sloping down behind a tallish building. DD is on the right.

Review from Utopia-Asia, gay guide,
utopia-asia.com/tipschin.htm :”You can go to a very good and lively (even on week days; show before 10:30pm on week days) bar, full of young gays. It is called DD bar. It’s located on the back side of Yinhai Mansion on Qianling Dong Lu (Qianling East Rd), very close to the cross road with Shaanxi Lu. There is a famous Cantonese restaurant called Nanguifang (just like Hong Kong’s Lan Kwai Fong bar district). You can call the very helpful boss, Mr Brian, 152-8500-1069.” — suehiro, May 30, 2013   贵阳DD酒吧:位于贵阳市化龙桥旁,tel:15285001069 , renfeixiao@gmail.com . Video of DD’s dancing uploaded on Youku:贵阳GAY(同志)酒吧, v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjgzMjUxMTQw.html

also see: aitongzhi.org/thread-62881-1-1.htm
also see: 贵州同志, www.5dgay.com/jsjb_65.html

 

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Other gay bars:

Zhuti 主题音乐酒吧 is located on Zunyi Road across from the Exhibition Hall, a bit down the road towards the elevated highway and the train station, tel: 139 8404 3722. With renovation of the building behind it, a street restaurant in front of it (usually closed by the time the bar opens), and no sign, this bar can be hard to locate. But persist. Customers are mostly middle age and working class, plus young guys who like mature men.

Ever Bar 贵州缘聚家族公义酒吧, tel: 139 8484 7735, QQ: 513574393, owner: Lao Yu 老余 / Liulang 流浪, address: 贵阳市小十字星光灿烂旁竹筒街 in Xiao Shizi area. Directions: Find the prominent sign 星光灿烂 “Xingguan Canlan” then walk right down an alley past a parking gate. The sign “Ever” is on the left, with the bar downstairs. Windows of the Dicos fast food store on the second floor (entrance in the shopping mall) look out over the side alley that the bar is located on.

Guiyang also has a gay bathhouse, visited mostly by middle aged, married men.

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Life After Dark
Exploits at a Guiyang gay bar – by Sasha Draggeim
<a href=”http://www.theanthill.org/daily-dish” rel=”nofollow”>www.theanthill.org/daily-dish</a>

“If I were a boy …”

I strained to hear the echo of my voice in the dark, shoebox-shaped bar, as crowds of young men swayed to and fro in the audience.

“Even just for a day …”

I was singing “If I Were a Boy” by Beyoncé Knowles in DD, or Daily Dish, one of the two gay bars in Guiyang, Guizhou province – a city generally described by non-Guiyang Chinese people as luohou, “backwards.” I had chanced upon this bar a few months earlier with a friend, and before long it became my main source of social interaction.
Here, in a tiny bar on the backside of a building in the central city square, men of all shapes and sizes had gathered to celebrate the fourth anniversary of the group leader, Fantasy, and his partner Little Ni. I was one of the performers scheduled for the event.

It was also a sad evening. In the glow of stage lights above the square glass stage, I could see Fantasy’s resigned expression. In a few months, he was going to be married off by his unknowing parents to a woman from the countryside. When I asked him why he couldn’t just tell his parents, he sighed, “They are too old, I can’t tell them now.”

What would he do with Little Ni, my friend and I asked. Fantasy lowered his voice. “I don’t know, maybe I could see him once every two weeks. You know, I’ve been married once, but it didn’t last very long. My wife filed for divorce, she said I didn’t love her.” But his parents still didn’t know why.

Every evening, Fantasty dutifully had dinner with them, said good-night, and then crept out of their shared home to make his grand entrance at DD at around 11pm. Among those waiting for Fantasy would be Brian, the bar owner, a man from Guiyang who spoke smooth English and had traveled to the Netherlands. With a confident half-smile, he often spoke of gay bars in Shanghai and Beijing, big cities where you could come out as gay even outside of the bar.

Maybe that’s why Brian was the most audacious when it came to family. “I will move to the Netherlands, get citizenship through marrying a man – it’s legal there! – adopt a child in Europe, and tell my parents it’s mine.”

Like Brian, the rest of the gang – Little Handsome, Cheetah, Little Jian – were known to us only by their pseudonyms. During the day, they went to work, ate out with their colleagues, spoke softly, and dressed neatly. But at night, they transformed.

Little Hao, his delicate features masterfully highlighted with makeup and an affected tragic expression, smiled daintily while sipping a beer. On stage, Cheetah stunned everyone with his flexibility in Michael Jackson-esque group dances. Little Handsome transformed into a catty Peking opera diva and performed the Dan part – a female Peking opera role once sung by men, dressed to kill in a billowing robe and full stage makeup.

DD was a place to drink, to smoke, to forget about weddings and parental pressure – just to be.

Guests crouched around low tables, drinking beer by the crate. Sad events of the past were forgotten. Such as how Little Jian had attempted to take his life after a breakup with his PLA boyfriend, uncontrollably posting sentimentalities and photos of himself with an IV in his arm on Weibo.

But they were back together now, and even pale Little Hao was looking lively tonight. Conversation flowed, above the booming music, about what subversive act was being planned by the owner of the rival gay bar. I had heard that it was bigger and newer than DD, but had never been there out of loyalty to my friends.

“Cause I know how it hurts, When you lose the one you wanted, Cause he’s taken you for granted, And everything you had got destroyed.”

Though Fantasy had mixed feelings about the evening, most of the others didn’t know about his upcoming wedding arrangements, and the atmosphere was almost maniacally jovial. After all, “there is a dish [available man] every day” (每天都有菜) – the expression which gave rise to the bar’s name.

My song was drawing to a close.

“If I were a boy, I think I could understand, How it feels to love a girl, I swear I’d be a better man.”

It was Fantasy’s favourite song, and I looked back at him. A tight crowd enclosed the stage at the front, but Fantasy stood in the back by the DJ system, working the sound, padded headphones drooped over his neck. Smoke clouded the room, the lone disco ball swirled, and I could see dancing particles of light reflecting in his wistful smile.

Sasha Draggeim is a PhD student in Chinese pedagogy at The Ohio State University

Update from the author 2014.1.20: “I have found out that apparently Fantasy’s bride-to-be is a lesbian, which is a relief because at least it means she is aware of the situation.”